¶¹ÄÌÊÓƵAPP Policy Research Working Paper Series encourages the exchange of ideas on development and quickly disseminates the findings of research in progress. This series is aimed at showcasing World ¶¹ÄÌÊÓƵAPP research¡ªanalytic work designed to produce results with wide applicability across countries or sectors. The authors are exclusively World ¶¹ÄÌÊÓƵAPP staff and consultants.