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2015.1.26


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¡°§·§à§ä§å§å§Õ§í§Ô §ß§ï§Ô§ï§ß§ä§ï§ï §Ò§Ñ§Û§Ô§å§å§Ý§Ø, §ä§ï§Õ§Ô§ï§ï§â§Ú§Û§ß §ã§å§å§â§î§ê§Ú§Ý§Ú§Û§ß §ç§ï§Ý§Ò§ï§â §Ò§à§Ý§à§ß §Ô§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§â §Ñ§ê§Ú§Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ý§ä§í§ß §ç§ï§Ó §Ù§Ñ§Ô§Ó§Ñ§â §ä?§Ý?§Ó§ê§Ú§Ø, §è§Ñ§Ñ§ê§Ú§Õ ?§Ö §å§Ý§Ú§â§Ñ§ß §ç§ï§Ó§ê§Ú§ç §Ò§à§Ý§ß§à¡± §Ô§ï§Ø §¥§ï§Ý§ç§Ú§Û§ß §Ò§Ñ§ß§Ü§ß§í §Ô§â§å§á§á§í§ß §¯§Ú§Û§Ô§ï§Þ, §ç§à§ä, §ç?§Õ?? §Ò§à§Ý§à§ß §Õ§ï§Ý§ç§Ú§Û§ß §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú§Û§ß §Ñ§ã§å§å§Õ§Ñ§Ý §ç§Ñ§â§Ú§å§è§ã§Ñ§ß §Ù§Ñ§ç§Ú§â§Ñ§Ý §®§Ñ§â§Ú§ã§Ö§Ý§Ñ §®§à§ß§ä§à§Ý§Ú§ð §®§å§ß§à§Ù §ç§ï§Ý§ã§ï§ß. ¡°§·§à§ä §ã§å§å§â§Ú§ß §ä§ï§Ý§Ø §Ò§Ñ§Û§Ô§Ñ§Ñ §ç§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§í§ß §ä§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§Ñ§â§ç§Ú §à§Û§Ý§Ô§à§Ý§ä§í§Ô §Ô?§ß§Ù§Ô§Ú§Û§â??§Ý§ï§ç§ï§Õ ?§Ô?§Ô§Õ?§Ý??§Õ§Ú§Û§ß §é§Ñ§ß§Ñ§â§í§Ô §ã§Ñ§Û§Ø§â§å§å§Ý§Ñ§ç §Ñ§ã§å§å§Õ§Ñ§Ý §ß§ï§ß §é§å§ç§Ñ§Ý §Ò?§Ô??§Õ  §ç§å§â§Õ§Ñ§è§ä§Ñ§Û §ç§å§Ó§î§ã§Ñ§ß ??§â§é§Ý?§Ô§Õ?§Ø §Ò§Ñ§Û§Ô§Ñ§Ñ §ß?§ç§è?§Ý §Ò§Ñ§Û§Õ§Ñ§Ý, §Ú§â§Ô§ï§Õ§ï§Õ §ç?§â§Ô§ï§ç ?§Û§Ý§é§Ú§Ý§Ô§ï§ï, §ä§ï§Õ§ß§Ú§Û §Ñ§Ø§Ú§Ý §ï§â§ç§Ý§ï§Ý§ä §Ò§à§Ý§à§ß §à§â§à§ß §ã§å§å§è§ß§í §Ñ§ã§å§å§Õ§Ý§í§ß §ç?§â§ä§ï§ï§Þ§Ø§Ú§Û§Ô §ç§Ñ§ß§Ô§Ñ§ç §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ñ§Ñ§â §Ú§â§Ô§ï§Õ§Ú§Û§ß §ä§à§Ô§ä§Ó§à§â§ä§à§Û §Ñ§Þ§î§Ø§Ú§â§Ô§Ñ§Ñ§Ô §Õ§ï§Þ§Ø§Ú§ç §ä§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§Ñ§â §Ò§à§Õ§Ý§à§Ô§à §Ò§à§Ý§à§Ó§ã§â§å§å§Ý§Ñ§Ô§é§Ú§Õ §ß§å§ç§Ñ§è§ä§Ñ§Û §Þ§ï§Õ§ï§ï§Ý§ï§Ý§Õ §ä§å§Ý§Ô§å§å§â§Ý§Ñ§ß §ê§Ú§Û§Õ§Ó§ï§â §Ô§Ñ§â§Ô§Ñ§ç§Ñ§Õ §ß§î §é§å§ç§Ñ§Ý §Ò§Ñ§Û§ç §Ò§à§Ý§ß§à.¡±

§·§ï§Õ§Ú§Û§Ô§ï§ï§â §ç§à§ä§Ø§Ú§Ý§ä§í§ß ?§Û§Ý §ñ§Ó§è §ç§å§â§Õ§Ñ§è§ä§Ñ§Û §ñ§Ó§Ñ§Ô§Õ§Ñ§Ø §Ò§Ñ§Û§Ô§Ñ§Ñ §é §Ô§ï§ã§ï§ß, ?§Ô?§Ô§Õ?§Ý??§Õ§ï§ï§ã §ç§Ñ§â§ç§Ñ§Õ §©??§ß §¡§Ù§Ú§Û§ß §ß§Ú§Û§ä §Ò?§ã §ß§å§ä§Ô§Ú§Û§ß §Õ?§ß§Ô?§Ø §ß§ï§Ô §ç?§â§ï§ç§Ô?§Û §ç§å§Ó§î §ß§î §ç§à§ä §ã§å§å§â§Ú§ß§Õ §ç§Ñ§â§Þ§Ñ§Ô§Õ§Ñ§Ñ§Õ §Ò§Ñ§Û§Ô§Ñ§Ñ §Ò§Ñ §ß§Ú§Û§ä §ç?§ß §Ñ§Þ§í§ß §ß§î §Õ?§ß§Ô?§Ø 36 §ç§å§Ó§î §ß§î §ç§à§ä§à§Õ §Ñ§Þ§î§Õ§Ñ§â§é §Ò§Ñ§Û§ß§Ñ ¨C §ï§ß§ï §ß§î §Ò?§ã §ß§å§ä§Ô§Ú§Û§ß §ç§à§ä ?§â§Ô?§Ø§Ú§ß §ä§ï§Ý§ï§ç ?§Û§Ý §ñ§Ó§è §Õ?§ß§Ô?§Ø §ï§ç§Ý§ï§Ý§Ú§Û§ß §ê§Ñ§ä§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§Ñ §Ò§Ñ§Û§ß§Ñ. §¢?§ã §ß§å§ä§Ñ§Ô§ä ?§â§ß?§Ø §Ò§Ñ§Û§Ô§Ñ§Ñ §ç§à§ä§Ø§Ú§Ý§ä§í§ß ?§Û§Ý §ñ§Ó§è §ß§î §Ù§Ñ§ç §Ù§ï§ï§Ý§Ú§Û§ß §ç?§é§Ú§ß §Ù?§Û§Ý§ï§ï§ã §Ú§ç§ï§ï§ç§ï§ß §ç§Ñ§Þ§Ñ§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ý§ä§Ñ§Û §Ò§Ñ§Û§Ô§Ñ§Ñ §ä§å§Ý §ï§ß§ï ?§Û§Ý §ñ§Ó§è §ä§å§å§ê§ä§Ñ§Û §Ò?§Ô??§Õ §à§â§à§Ý§è§à§à§Ô §ç§Ñ§ß§Ô§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ß §Ò§Ñ§Û§ç§Ñ§Õ ?§ß§Õ§ï§ã§ß§Ú§Û §Ò§à§Ý§à§ß §ç§à§ä§í§ß §ä?§Ó§ê§Ú§ß§Õ §Ò§à§Õ§Ý§à§Ô§à §Ò§à§Ý§à§Ó§ã§â§å§å§Ý§Ñ§Ô§é§Õ§Ú§Û§ß §Ô?§Û§è§ï§ä§Ô§ï§ç ??§â§ï§Ô §é§å§ç§Ñ§Ý §Ò§Ñ§Û§ç §Ò§à§Ý§ß§à:

1.      §ª§â§ï§ï§Õ?§Û§ß §à§â§à§ß §Ù§Ñ§Û§ß §ä§ï§Ý§ï§Ý§ä§ï§Õ §Ò§ï§Ý§ä§Ô§ï§Ý§ä§ï§Û §Ò§Ñ§Û§ç ¨C ??§Õ§ß§ï§ï§ã §Ô§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§â §Ñ§ê§Ú§Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ý§ä§í§Ô §å§Õ§Ú§â§Õ§Ñ§ç, §Ô§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§â §é?§Ý??§Ý?§ç §Ò§à§Ý§à§ß §Õ§Ñ§ç§Ú§ß §ä?§Ý?§Ó§Ý?§Ý§ä §ç§Ú§Û§ç, §Ò§Ñ§â§Ú§Ý§Ô§Ñ §Ò§Ñ§Û§Ô§å§å§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ø §Ò§Ñ§â§Ú§ç §ï§â§ç§Ú§Û§Ô §ç§å§Ó§å§å§â§Ú§î§Ý§Ñ§ç §Ò§à§Ý§à§ß §ê§Ú§Ý§Ø??§Ý§ï§ç §Ù§ï§â§ï§Ô §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§í§Ô §ç§ï§â§ï§Ô§Ý§ï§ç §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ñ§Ñ§â §ç§à§ä §ã§å§å§â§Ú§ß ?§â§Ô?§Ø§Ú§ç §ñ§Ó§è§í§Ô ?§â §Õ?§ß§ä§ï§Û §ç§ï§â§ï§Ô§Ø??§Ý§ï§ç§ï§Õ §Ô§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§â §ç?§â§ï§Ý§è§ï§ï§ä§ï§Û §Ò§Ñ§Û§ç §ß?§ç§è§Ý§Ú§Û§Ô §Ò?§â§Õ??§Ý§ï§ç;

2.      §·§à§ä§Ø§Ú§Ý§ä §ï§Õ§Ú§Û§ß §Ù§Ñ§ã§Ô§Ú§Û§ß §ç§å§Ó§î§Õ ?§â §Ñ§ê§Ú§Ô§ä§Ñ§Û §ç?§Ô§Ø§Ú§ç §ß?§ç§è§Ý§Ú§Û§Ô §ç§Ñ§ß§Ô§Ñ§ç ¨C ??§Õ§ß§ï§ï§ã ?§ß§Õ§ï§ã§ß§Ú§Û §ç§ï§Þ§Ø§ï§ï§ß§Ú§Û §ç§à§ä§Ø§Ú§Ý§ä§í§ß §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§à§Ó§ã§â§å§å§Ý§Ñ§ç, §ä§à§Þ, §Ø§Ú§Ø§Ú§Ô §Ò§à§Ý§à§ß §Õ§å§ß§Õ §ç§ï§Þ§Ø§ï§ï§ß§Ú§Û §ç§à§ä§å§å§Õ§í§ß §ï§Õ§Ú§Û§ß §Ù§Ñ§ã§Ô§Ú§Û§ß §ä?§â?§Ý§Ø§Ú§Ý§ä§Ú§Û§Ô §ç§Ñ§ß§Ô§Ñ§ß §Ò§ï§ç§Ø??§Ý§ï§ç §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ñ§Ñ§â §ç§à§ä§í§ß §ç?§Ô§Ø§Ý§Ú§Û§ß §ä§à§Ô§ä§à§Ý§è§à§à§ß§í §Ò?§ç §Ñ§ã§å§å§Õ§Ý§í§Ô §è§à§Ô§è§à§à§â §ê§Ú§Û§Õ§Ó§ï§â§Ý§ï§ç;

3.      §·§à§ä§Ø§Ú§Ý§ä§í§ß ?§Û§Ý §ñ§Ó§è§Ñ§Õ §à§â§à§Ý§è§à§à§Ô §ç§Ñ§ß§Ô§Ñ§ç ¨C ??§Õ§ß§ï§ï§ã §ï§Õ§Ú§Û§ß §Ù§Ñ§ã§Ô§Ú§Û§ß §Ò§à§Ý§à§Þ§Ø §Ò§à§Ý§à§Ý§è§à§à§ß§í §ç?§â§ä§ï§ï§Þ§Ø§Ú§Û§ß §ä§ï§Ô§ê §Ò§å§ã §Ò§Ñ§Û§Õ§Ý§í§Ô §Ò§å§å§â§å§å§Ý§Ñ§ç§í§ß §ä§å§Ý§Õ §à§â§à§ß §Ù§Ñ§Û§ß ?§ã?§Ý§ä §ä§ï§Ý§ï§Ý§ä§Ú§Û§Ô §ä?§Ý?§Ó§Ý?§ç;

4.      §·§à§ä§Ø§Ú§Ý§ä§í§ß §ä§à§Ô§ä§Ó§à§â§ä§à§Û §ç?§Ô§Ø§Ý§Ú§Û§Ô §Õ§ï§Þ§Ø§Ú§ç -  §ç§à§ä§í§ß §ç?§ß §Ñ§Þ§í§ß §ß§ñ§Ô§ä§â§Ñ§Ý ?§ß§Õ?§â §Ô§Ñ§Ù§â§å§å§Õ§í§ß §Ò§Ñ§Û§â§ê§Ú§Ý§Ú§Û§Ô §Ù?§Ó §ã§à§ß§Ô§à§ß §ä?§Ý?§Ó§Ý?§ç §Ò§Ñ §Ñ§Þ§î§Õ§Ñ§â§é §Ò§à§Ý§à§ç§å§Û§è, §ï§ï§Ý§ä§ï§Û §ß§Ñ§Û§â§ã§Ñ§Ô §à§â§é§ß§í §Ù§à§ç§Ú§è§Ý§í§Ô §Ò?§â§Õ??§Ý§ï§ç;

5.      §·§à§ä§í§ß ?§Û§Ý §Ñ§Ø§Ú§Ý§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ñ§ß§í §ß§ï§Ô§Õ§Þ§ï§Ý §Ò§Ñ§Û§Õ§Ý§í§Ô §ã§Ñ§â§ß§Ú§å§Ý§Ñ§ç§Ô?§Û §Ò§Ñ§Û§ç ¨C ??§Õ§ß§ï§ï§ã §Ò?§ã§Ú§Û§ß §ß§å§ä§Ô§Ú§Û§ß §Ù§Ñ§ç§Ú§â§Ô§Ñ§Ñ §Ò§à§Ý§à§ß §Ò§å§ã§Ñ§Õ §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§í§Ô §Ñ§ê§Ú§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ß §ç§à§ä§í§ß §Ù§Ñ§ã§Ñ§Ô §Ù§Ñ§ç§Ú§â§Ô§Ñ§Ñ§ß§í §ß§å§ä§Ñ§Ô §Õ§ï§Ó§ã§Ô§ï§â§Ú§Û§ß §ç§ï§Þ§Ø§ï§ï§ß§Õ §Ú§â§Ô§ï§Õ§ï§Õ ?§Ù??§Ý§ï§ç ?§Û§Ý§é§Ú§Ý§Ô§ï§ï§ß§Ú§Û §å§ñ§Ý§Õ§Ñ§Ñ §ç§à§Ý§Ò§à§à§Ô §Ù§à§ç§Ú§è§å§å§Ý§Ñ§ç.

¡°§·§à§ä§í§ß ??§â§é§Ý?§Ý§ä, §ç?§ß §Ñ§Þ§í§ß §ß§ñ§Ô§ä§â§Ñ§Ý, §Ù§Ñ§ã§Ñ§Ô §Ù§Ñ§ç§Ú§â§Ô§Ñ§Ñ§ß§í ?§Û§Ý §Ñ§Ø§Ú§Ý§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ñ§ß§í §Ù§à§ç§Ú§è§å§å§Ý§Ñ§Ý§ä§í§Ô §Ù?§Ó §ç§Ú§Û§Ø §é§Ñ§Õ§ã§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ñ§â §ç§ï§ä §ñ§Õ§å§å§â§Ñ§Ý§Õ §è§ï§Ô §ä§Ñ§Ó§î§Ø, §ç?§â§ä§ï§ï§Þ§Ø§ä§ï§Û §Õ§ï§Ó§ê§Ú§Ý §ç?§Ô§Ø§Ý§Ú§Û§Ô §ç§Ñ§ß§Ô§Ñ§ç§Ñ§Õ §Õ?§ç?§Þ ?§Ù??§Ý§ß§ï¡±§Ô§ï§Ø  §¥§ï§Ý§ç§Ú§Û§ß §Ò§Ñ§ß§Ü§ß§í §Ô§â§å§á§á§í§ß §¯§Ú§Û§Ô§ï§Þ, §ç§à§ä, §ç?§Õ?? §Ò§à§Ý§à§ß §Õ§ï§Ý§ç§Ú§Û§ß §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú§Û§ß §Ñ§ã§å§å§Õ§Ñ§Ý §ç§Ñ§â§Ú§å§è§ã§Ñ§ß §Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Ø§Ö§â §¡§Ò§ç§Ñ§ã §¨§ç§Ñ §ç§ï§Ý§ã§ï§ß §Ò§Ñ§Û§ß§Ñ.

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200 §ã§Ñ§ñ  §©??§ß §¡§Ù§Ú§Û§ß §ç§à§ä§å§å§Õ§í§ß §à§â§ê§Ú§ß §ã§å§å§Ô§é§Õ§Ú§Û§ß §ä§à§à §ß§ï§Þ§ï§Ô§Õ§ã§ï§ï§â §Õ§ï§Ý§ç§Ú§Û§ß §ç§Ñ§Þ§Ô§Ú§Û§ß §à§Ý§à§ß §ç?§ß§ä§ï§Û 6 §Õ§Ñ§ç§î§ä§à§Þ §à§â§ß§í §ç?§ß §Ñ§Þ§ß§í §ä§à§à§ä§à§Û §ä§ï§ß§è§ï§Ø §Ò§Ñ§Û§ß§Ñ.
42 §ã§Ñ§ñ  §¥§ï§Ý§ç§Ú§Û§ß §ç§Ñ§Þ§Ô§Ú§Û§ß §ä§à§Þ §ç§à§ä §ã§å§å§â§Ú§ß §Ô§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§â §Ò§à§Ý§à§ç §±§Ö§â§Ý §Ô§à§Ý§í§ß §Ò§ï§Ý§é§Ú§â §Ô§Ñ§Ù§â§í§ß §ç?§ß §Ñ§Þ§í§ß §ä§à§à §ß§î §¡§â§Ô§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§ß§î §¡§Ó§ã§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§Ú, §¬§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Õ, §®§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§Û§Ù§í§ß §ç?§ß §Ñ§Þ§í§ß §ä§à§à§ß§à§à§ã §Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ø §Ò§Ñ§Û§ß§Ñ.

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§³§å§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ô§Ñ§Ñ§Ô §¡§Ó§ã§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Û§ß §ä§å§ã§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ø§Ú§Û§ß §ä?§ã§Ý§Ú§Û§ß §ç?§â§ï§ï§ß§Õ §ç§Ú§Û§ã§ï§ß.

§ª§Ý§ä§Ô§ï§Ý§Ú§Û §Ò?§â§ï§ß §ï§ç§ä§ï§Û §Õ§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ñ§ç§î §Ó§ï§Ò§ã§Ñ§Û§ä§Ñ§Ñ§ã §ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ý§è§Ñ§ß§Ñ §å§å: http:\\www.worldbank.org\eap\MeasuringUrbanExpansion



§·§à§Ý§Ò§à§à §Ò§Ñ§â§Ú§ç
§·§Ñ§Ñ§ß§Ñ §¥§Ú§ß§Ú §¥§Ø§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§Ý
Dini Djalal
§µ§ä§Ñ§ã:&²Ô²ú²õ±è;+62-81-699-1218
ddjalal@worldbank.org
§·§Ñ§Ñ§ß§Ñ §¹§Ú§ã§Ñ§Ü§à §¶§å§Ü§å§Õ§Ñ
Chisako Fukuda
§µ§ä§Ñ§ã: +1 (202) 473-9424
cfukuda@worldbankgroup.org

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